Feminism Ideas, Beliefs, and Movements

Feminism is a complex set of ideologies and theories, that at its core seeks to achieve equal social, political, and economic rights for women and men. Feminism refers to a diverse variety of beliefs, ideas, movements, and agendas for action. It refers to any actions, especially organized, that promote changes in society to end patterns that have disadvantaged women. The Origin of the Word Feminism While it is common to see the word feminist used for figures such as Mary Wollstonecraft  (1759–1797), the terms feminist and feminism were not used in the modern sense until a century after her 1792 book A Vindication of the Rights of Women was published. The term first appeared during the 1870s in France as fà ©minisme—although there has been some speculation that it may have been used before then. At the time, the word referred to womens freedom or emancipation. In 1882, Hubertine Auclert, a leading French feminist and a campaigner for womens suffrage, used the term fà ©ministe to describe herself and others working for womens freedom. In 1892, a congress in Paris was described as feminist. This launched a more widespread adoption of the term in the 1890s, with its use appearing in Great Britain and then America beginning about 1894. Feminism and Society Almost all modern societal structures are patriarchal and are constructed in such a way that men are the dominant force in making the majority of political, economic, and cultural decisions. Feminism focuses on the idea that since women comprise one-half of the world population, true social progress can never be achieved without the complete and spontaneous participation of women. Feminist ideals and beliefs focus on what culture is like for women as compared to what the world is like for men. The feminist assumption is that women are not treated equally to men and as a result, women are disadvantaged in comparison to men. Feminist ideology considers in which ways culture can and should be different between genders: Do different genders have different goals, ideals, and visions? Theres a great deal of value placed on the importance of moving from point A (the status quo) to point B (female equality) through a statement of commitment to behavior and action to produce that change. Feminism and Sexuality One arena in which women have long been oppressed is with regard to sexuality, which includes behavior, interactions with men, posture, and exposure of the body. In traditional societies, men are expected to be the commanders, standing tall and allowing their physical presence to represent their role in society, while women are expected to be quieter and more subservient. Under such societal conventions, women are not supposed to take up much space at the table, and most certainly, they should not be seen as a distraction to the men around them. Feminism seeks to embrace female sexuality and celebrate it, as opposed to so many societal conventions that condemn women who are sexually aware and empowered. The practice of elevating sexually active men while denigrating sexually women creates a double standard between the genders. Women are shunned for having multiple sexual partners, whereas men are celebrated for the same behaviors. Women have long been subjected to sexual objectification by men. Many cultures still cling to the notion that women must dress so as to not arouse men, and in many societies, women are required to fully cover their bodies. On the other hand, in some so-called enlightened societies, female sexuality is routinely exploited in the mass media. Scantily clad women in advertising and full nudity in movies and television are commonplace—and yet, many women are shamed for breastfeeding in public. These conflicting views on female sexuality create a confusing landscape of expectations that women and men must navigate on a daily basis. Feminism in the Workforce There are many differences within the constellation of feminist ideals, groups, and movements related to workplace unfairness, discrimination, and oppression that result from the real disadvantages women experience. Feminism assumes that  sexism, which disadvantages and/or oppresses those identified as women, is not desirable and should be eliminated, however, it continues to be an issue in the workplace. Unequal salaries are still pervasive in the workforce. Despite the Equal Pay Act of 1963, on average, a woman still earns only 80.5 cents for every dollar a man earns. According to  data from the U.S. Census Bureau, womens median annual earnings in 2017 were $14,910 less than that of their male counterparts. What Feminism Is and What it Isnt There is a common misconception that feminists are reverse sexists, however, unlike male sexists who oppress women, feminists do not seek to oppress men. Rather, they seek equal compensation, opportunities, and treatment for both genders. Feminism seeks to achieve equal treatment and opportunity for women and men in order to achieve similar opportunities across different fields of work and culture and equal respect in a variety of roles. Feminists theorists often explore the concepts with regard to which of womens experiences are taken as normative: Do women of different races, classes, age groups, etc. experience inequality in significantly different ways or is the common experience as women more important? The goal of feminism is to create non-discrimination, which is essential for creating equality to ensure that no one is denied their rights due to factors such as race, gender, language, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, political or other beliefs, nationality, social origin, class, or wealth status. Further Study At the end of the day, feminism is an umbrella term that covers a number of different beliefs. The following list provides examples of a variety of feminist and ideologies and practices. Social FeminismLiberal FeminismSocialist FeminismRadical FeminismCultural FeminismThird-Wave FeminismIntersectional Feminism

The On The Gender Machinery - 1638 Words

The Gender machinery In response to some of the described situational GBV’s, the Ministry of Social Welfare, Gender and Children’s Affairs, is the countries national body for social welfare, gender and children’s rights for Sierra Leone. In 2007, 30 women’s rights organisations joined a demonstration against GBV. The national committee is made up of government institutions, UN agencies both national and international organisation and are against GBV. There are also established regional GBV committees for national action plans, in its implementation of UN security council resolutions (UNSCR). Which are being made up of civil society organisations and traditional religious leaders globally (kjkljlk). In the wake of the war, Sierra Leone has developed a â€Å"Truth and Reconciliation Commission† in it’s attempt to record impartial accounts of abuses that happened during the war directed towards â€Å"national reconciliation† (kjjkl). In 2003 both UNIFEM and Urgent Action Fund for Women s Human Rights, delivered a presentation on gender- based human rights violations. Its’ focus was towards the effect, armed conflict had on women and children. The program endorsed gender sensitivity in managing girls and women victims’ statements whilst additionally building skill sets for conversing with these women and the distressed witnesses (kjkljklj). In 2006, 34 Family support units provided legal and psychological counselling, emergency health services for the surviving women andShow MoreRelatedThe Machinery in Dracula752 Words   |  3 PagesThe machinery in Dracula becomes important to the plot as a whole, but also important to Victorian society too. For the sake of the Empire, factories were increasing the size of Britain’s economy and cities were growing, the military was gaining strength, Britain was at the forefront of modern technology during the time. 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Market Segments and Decision Making

Question: Discuss about the Market Segments and Decision Making. Answer: Introduction This report is discussing the company Bega cheese major market segments such as primary and secondary segments. It also discusses the primary segment involvement in terms of decision-making in the company. It also identifies the primary and secondary market segments of the company like business customers and household customers. It briefly explains the nature of competition of Bega cheese in the market that includes Porters five forces. The various strength and weakness are also analyzed by the company. It also analyses the strength and weakness of the company as well as its competitor. This report also explains the positioning map of the company in the market. Introduction of Bega Cheese Bega Cheese is the Australian dairy company that is located in the town of Bega, New South Wales. It was founded in 1899 and headquarter is located in Bega Village. It produces products such as cheese, milk powder, butter and cream products. It was owned by the dairy suppliers and founded as the agricultural cooperative. Its major segments include core dairy ingredients like cheese, cream cheese, and the powdered milk. Bega cheese has the strong position in the Australian consumer goods market and it includes one-third share of the AU$550 million market is spread (Bega Cheese, 2016). Bega cheese is producing high quality of value-added products for the customers throughout the country Australia as well as fifty countries all over the world. Its mission statement is to Embracing the challenge, driving change, building for the future. The companys vision is to build pillars of people, customers, heritage, and community in order to become logo throughout Australian dairy industry (Bega Cheese, 2016). Bega cheese has a current trend that is strong growth as it has announced 9.9% that the profit is increased after tax. The revenue is $263.6m (A$366.8m) in 1H FY 2016 and it has EBITDA of $23.6m (A$32.9m). Its current trends also include its profitability of Bega cheese and it scores 4.00. PESTLE analysis Political: The government has imposed the corporate tax of Australia that is 30% which is not able by the company to register revenue from the trading of 250gm of cheese. If there is an imposition of the tax by the government in the context of the milk products then it lowers the production. Economic: The Company is also affected by the economical factor that is inflation rate in Australia is 1.7% that is in 2014 that decreased 2.3%. So, it is beneficial for the companies to increase the sale of the cheese. Hence, the price of the cheese remains unchanged by the company as the power of purchasing of the customers. Social: The country is also affected socially as today the people are more health conscious as the fatty food is avoided by most of the people. Therefore, the cheese of 250gm helps in reducing the fat as it contains 65% low fat that enhances the increasing sale of the cheese and helps in reaching the huge number of customers. Technology: The country is also affected technically as the advanced technology is used like food processing technology that is used to transform raw material into finished goods. Additionally, Bega cheese uses cheese processing machinery, industrial mixer grinder for the production of the company. Legal: The Australian companies are also affected legally by the consumer laws so that there can be a delivery of best cheese products in the country by different companies like Bega cheese. In order to acquire good health for the people, different laws like safety standard are applicable in the country before delivering it into the market. Environment: The country is also affected by the environmental factor for bringing sustainability in the environment. The 250 gram of organic packing is used by the Bega cheese so that it can be reused. It helps in attractive the environment. Examining the market segments of Bega cheese as well as identification of primary and secondary target market Market segmentation includes the market segment as the consumers are taken into consideration as homogeneous. It is identified by geographic, demographic as well as the buying behavior and psychographic that includes lifestyle, interests, and personality. The major market segment of Bega cheese is core dairy ingredients that include cream, cheese cream, and powdered milk. The Bega cheese target market consists of household customers and business customers. Business customers are included in the primary market. Household customers are included in the secondary market (Zolfani, et al., 2013). The Bega cheese market segment includes the manufacturing of natural cheese, processed cheese. Today, the market segment includes kid snacking segment. The primary target market includes the cluster of customers that the company is focused on. It mainly comprises the target customers that are targeted by the company. Many of the companies are unable to determine the primary target market because of inefficient marketing strategies. These can be identified through the needs of the customers, lifestyle factors, and demographics. The Bega cheese company includes business customers as the primary target market. Moreover, business customers include the restaurants in, which cheese is needed on the regular basis and it is required mostly in the fast food items. Primary buyers all over revenue is from their selling of the products or services and it comes from the primary target market. On the other hand, the secondary target market is the second essential customer segment but it does not include primary customer base. It includes buying at the rate higher that is a small market segment by which the buyers are influenced (Lei, and Moon, 2015). It is different from the primary target market. It includes primary future buyers. The secondary target market includes household customers as today most of the peoples, as well as young children, have their snacks or breakfast by applying cheese and in the families, it is required daily. Primary Segment involvement in Bega cheese in terms of decision making The primary target market includes the segment of the place in the market. The Bega cheese involves business customers as the primary segments. In the company decision making, is very important and the primary business customers make unique decisions in terms of requirement of information. It also includes the taken time in making the decision and the types of people involved in the buying of decisions. In the Bega cheese, the primary customers are involved in the decision making of the company as it can help in the identifying the quality of the product. The primary business customers also help the company in labeling and packaging of the product as for how it can be labeled. The business customers also involve in measuring the price of the dairy products so that all types of customers may purchase their product (Huang, and Sarigll, 2014). Decision making is important for the future as the needs of the customers are to be identified. The business consumers can advise the company to satisfy the customers by fulfilling their needs. The decision making involves both individuals as well as needs of the company (Wedel, and Kamakura, 2012). The primary business customers include expanding the brand of the business as it is included as the companys assets. The business customers promote the brand of the company so that it can attract many customers. The brand fit has become the major requirement of every company. The business customers are accountable for the judgments to the company towards their successful implementation of the product. For the decision making it requires careful attention that includes shapes and surroundings in the product. The business customers involvement is high in the decision making in the Bega cheese (Paul, and Rana, 2012). It includes communicating the message that uses to support the brand of the company. The high involvement is better for communicating as well as marketing by promoting the features of the brand. The business customers are the people who provide the information for the criteria of the buying process. The important consideration includes output, quantity, quality, the cost of production, as well as maintainability. It includes the theoretical concepts as explained below: Recognition of the problem: Firstly, the problem can be carried out by identifying the needs that what the customers want. If the business customers identify the needs of the customers by determining the demographic as it develops the needs or wants. It can be advertised to an ideal time. Determination of specification and quantity needed item: It includes the requirement by describing what is required for the company. It is essential for engaging the sales team in the buying process (Yoon, C., et al., 2012). Search and qualification of potential sources: The buyer possesses communication is the important process for the business (Solomon, et al., 2013). It is important for the decision maker that the suppliers should be in touch with the purchasing Acquisition and analysis of proposals: With the help of primary business customers it helps in the decision-making the process as the company that is qualified to the supply of the product are chosen. Evaluation of proposal and suppliers selection: The proposal of suppliers are evaluated for the criteria of choice in order to reach to the members of the decision-making Order routine selection: The payment details are important and the purchasing department conducts this responsibility. Feedback performance and evaluation: The feedback is given by the users in the department. Feedback from the user department is important in order to have the good feedback from the users. Competition of Bega Cheese The Bega cheese is an Australian dairy industry which is a medium attractive industry. It consists of various competitors in the market such as Kraft that is a food manufacturer that provide a variety of brands of its product. Fonterra is the other competitor of Bega cheese who also supplies cheese and deals in marketing and retailing. Its product cheese is the number one brand of Australia. The large customer circle is engaged in its company (Solomon, 2014). The main competitor of Bega cheese is Fonterra is a multinational dairy co-operative company and it produces cheese. It deals in retailing and marketing. The nature of competition includes Porters five forces of Bega cheese that are as follows: Supplier Power The supplier power of Bega cheese is low as there is the supply of cow milk is limited. It also includes local capacity in order to manufacture and store the milk dairy products (Spicka, 2013). Buyer power: The buyer power is high for purchasing the product as the people are conscious of their health. The product is purchased by the buyer in large volume in order to assure profit for the supplier. They have the contract with the large manufacturers. Potential entrants: The Bega cheese has a low to moderate potential entrants. The exchange rate is low and it is opened to the imported markets. The leaders become highly efficient by making new entrants. Substitute products: It is moderate as the substitute product price is lower and has a good quality (Collier, 2015). The other products of Bega cheese-like yogurt or soy are alleged as a healthy snack alternative. Rivalry among Competitors: The competition is high as due to the unique innovations the product is produced by the rivals at the lower cost. Bega Cheese has its various strength and weaknesses that allow competing with others in the market. Its strength is that it is cost effective and easily available in the market. Secondly, the strength is the sales network as well as the distribution of products to the different markets. The competitors are dynamic or merge with this industry. It is enabling to accommodate the risk. Its strength is that it can also manage the high production demand (Vecchiato, 2012). On the other hand, there are various weaknesses that include as the company is unable to create high production due to the climate instability. Its service delivery is slow as it takes too much of time in delivering 250 gm cheese in the market. Fonterra is the company that produces cheese and deals in marketing as well as retailing. It competes with Bega cheese. The company carries out manufacture, processing, and milk products distribution. It also has various strengths such as group scale that is a power of producing 30% global dairy product. It also has the flexibility and capability of producing different products at the dominating market (Fonterra, 2016). It is the main supplier at the Chinese market. It maintains the quality of the product and is responsible for the maintaining the customers trust. It produces high quality of products for the customers. Its another strength is that its non-stop development for improving the products quality. On the other hand, there is certain weakness such as negative publicity and highly competitive market. The other weakness is cost structure of the future as well as its market size. It also lacks strategic relationship. Its weakness is rising of the dairy prices (Fonterra, 2016). The Fonterra and Bega cheese can be compared as well as contrast with each other as the Bega concentrates on its strength of producing high quality of cheese for the families of Australia while Fonterra concentrates on its strength for marketing its dairy brand all over the world. The Bega cheese produces high quality of products while, Fonterra concentrates on brand that is expanded all over the world. Positioning Map for Bega Cheese Positioning is the essential element in every organization like Bega cheese as it helps in driving the targeting strategy. From the above positioning chart, it has been analyzed that the Bega cheese current position in respect of cheese is 500 g with 50% less fat in the customer's mind as it is healthy for their health. In comparison with the other competitors of Bega cheese, it is quite expensive. The decreasing price can make it repositioning of the product of Bega cheese as well as affordable for the customers. The above positioning map shows the Bega cheese and how it is repositioned (Muhamad, Melewar, and Faridah Syed Alwi, 2012). It is focused on the primary business customers as well as its competitors in the market. The family is the main influence by, which the market is affected. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the company Bega cheese has to expand its business for protecting itself in the risk of failure. It should design unique products in order to compete with its competitors like Fonterra, Murray Goulburn, and Kraft. The research in different markets should be carefully established in the new markets. It has been analyzed that the primary business customers have a high level of involvement in the industry. The company has high competitors so, to overcome them it has to produce unique products like low-fat cheese. It can be recommended to the company that it should produce an affordable product so that every kind of customer might purchase for their daily use. References Bega Cheese (2016) Bega Cheese. Retrieved from https://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/company/29/Bega-Cheese-Ltd Collier, P.M. (2015). Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. USA: John Wiley Sons. Fonterra (2016) Weak Dairy Products Retrieved from https://www.nbr.co.nz/article/weak-dairy-prices-raise-doubts-about-fonterras-forecast-payout-b-184929 Huang, R. and Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. New York: Springer. Lei, N. and Moon, S.K. (2015). A Decision Support System for market-driven product positioning and design. Decision Support Systems, 69, 82-91. Muhamad, R., Melewar, T.C. and Faridah Syed Alwi, S. (2012). Segmentation and brand positioning for Islamic financial services. European Journal of Marketing, 46(7/8), 900-921. Paul, J. and Rana, J. (2012). Consumer behavior and purchase intention for organic food. Journal of consumer Marketing, 29(6), 412-422. Solomon, M.R. (2014). Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being . UK: Prentice Hall. Solomon, M.R., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J. (2013). Consumer behaviour: Buying, having, being. USA: Pearson. Spicka, J. (2013). The competitive environment in the dairy industry and its impact on the food industry. Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 5(2), 89. Vecchiato, R. (2012). Environmental uncertainty, foresight and strategic decision making: An integrated study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 79(3), 436-447. Wedel, M. and Kamakura, W.A. (2012). Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations .Germany: Springer Science Business Media. Yoon, C., Gonzalez, R., Bechara, A., Berns, G.S., Dagher, A.A., Dub, L., Huettel, S.A., Kable, J.W., Liberzon, I., Plassmann, H. and Smidts, A. (2012). Decision neuroscience and consumer decision making. Marketing Letters, 23(2), 473-485. Zolfani, S.H., Aghdaie, M.H., Derakhti, A., Zavadskas, E.K. and Varzandeh, M.H.M. (2013). Decision making on business issues with foresight perspective; an application of new hybrid MCDM model in shopping mall locating. Expert systems with applications

Lord Of The Flies - Character Study Essays - Fiction,

Lord Of The Flies - Character Study The main theme William Golding focuses on in The Lord of the Flies is his opinion that, when taken away from a civilised society, people will revert back to being primitive, animal like creatures. He portrays this view throughout the book by using very different characters almost all of whom eventually forget their civilised ways. The book tells the story of a group of school boys who, after their plane crashes, are stranded on a tropical island without any adults. At first they seem enthusiastic about the situation and quickly elect one of the boys, Ralph, as a leader, but pretty soon things start to deteriorate. Another one of the boys, Jack, leaves the group to form his own tribe who become more and more violent and obsessed with hunting pigs and the beast, that they believe lives on the island. Their violence results in the killing of two of the other boys, and at the end of the book they try to kill Ralph before all being rescued by a naval officer. The title of the book comes from an episode where Simon, a shy boy, who is described by the others as batty hallucinates that the dead pigs head in front of him is talking to him. The pigs head is surrounded by flies, so Simon calls it the Lord of the Flies. The title could also have another more symbolic meaning, because as time goes on the boys become more like flies themselves. Ralph, the main character in the story is introduced to the reader as a fair and likeable boy, he is the only boy who will listen to Piggy, an overweight boy who is ridiculed by everyone else for being fat and because he wears glasses and suffers from asthma, even though he is the most intelligent of all the boys. When he finds a conch, a type of shell, Ralph listens to Piggys suggestion to use this to call the others. Have a meeting. Theyll come when they hear us. At the start Ralph is well respected and looked up to by the rest of the boys, who choose him as their chief. There was a stillness about Ralph as he sat that marked him out: there was his size, and attractive appearance; and most obscurely, yet most powerful, there was the conch. The respect the boys had held for Ralph did not last for long. Ralph continually stressed to them the importance of making a signal fire on top of the mountain, so that ships would see the smoke and come to rescue them. He tells the boys, The fire is the most important thing on the island. How can we ever be rescued except by luck, if we dont keep a fire going? The rest of the boys as they became more savage were more interested in hunting than keeping the fire going. Ralph could not understand why they ere becoming obsessed with hunting and gradually he became confused and unable to think clearly, Ralph was puzzled by the shutter that flickered in his brain. There was something he wanted to say; then the shutter came down. Ralph began to rely on Piggy to help him when he couldnt remember what to say. Eventually even Ralph and Piggy became savage, if only for a moment. When Simon crawled out from the forest in the dark the boys thought he was the beast and Ralph and Piggy joined in a s they mauled him to death. Out of all of the boys the one who changed the most on the island was probably Jack. He started out far less likeable than Ralph but despite this was very disciplined. He was head boy in his choir, who soon became his hunters, and he was more arrogant than Ralph in his desire to become the chief, saying I ought to be chief, because Im chapter chorister and head boy. His discipline over his choir was also shown when they were voting for the chief, With dreary obedience the choir raised their hands when Ralph asked who wanted Jack to be chief. He also has an unpleasant personality, expressed when he says Shut up, Fatty. to Piggy. The

Free Essays on Airbourne Express

Airborne Express: Decisions concerning capital outlay may make or break this company’s venture into the global market. During the nineteen eighties Airborne Express took account of itself and decided to take the big boys on head to head. The company sought to redefine, or maybe simply define for the first time, its image with the American public. Airborne Express set out with an aggressive advertising campaign to attract the so-called occasional customer, and expand its market share by cutting into Federal Express and United Parcel Service’s. Unfortunately for Airborne Express, the cost of gaining a few â€Å"occasional† customers outweighed the benefits. Thus, they were forced to redefine themselves, this time as a niche player serving large corporate clients with high volume. This led to great success as long as the market remained mostly stateside and these large corporate clients were satisfied with the overseas services offered by Airborne Express. Of course, the economy has really turned global, and those large corporate clients have a growing demand for one company that can do it all. This has led Airborne Express to a crossroads concerning its commitment to the global market. The company has embarked on a strategy of buying space on other carrier planes, and has found this to work just fine. However, the market is changing and new challenges may make this strategy infeasible. History and Overview Airborne Express was founded in 1946. In 1968 the company merged with Airborne Freight Corporation, adopting the latter’s name but maintaining the former management. This new company began as strictly an airfreight forwarder, or a company that arranges for the shipment of freight by buying bulk space on carriers and reselling the space in smaller increments. Airfreight forwarders primarily deal with small customers and provide pick-up and delivery services from the airport. This relatively small and unsophisticated op... Free Essays on Airbourne Express Free Essays on Airbourne Express Airborne Express: Decisions concerning capital outlay may make or break this company’s venture into the global market. During the nineteen eighties Airborne Express took account of itself and decided to take the big boys on head to head. The company sought to redefine, or maybe simply define for the first time, its image with the American public. Airborne Express set out with an aggressive advertising campaign to attract the so-called occasional customer, and expand its market share by cutting into Federal Express and United Parcel Service’s. Unfortunately for Airborne Express, the cost of gaining a few â€Å"occasional† customers outweighed the benefits. Thus, they were forced to redefine themselves, this time as a niche player serving large corporate clients with high volume. This led to great success as long as the market remained mostly stateside and these large corporate clients were satisfied with the overseas services offered by Airborne Express. Of course, the economy has really turned global, and those large corporate clients have a growing demand for one company that can do it all. This has led Airborne Express to a crossroads concerning its commitment to the global market. The company has embarked on a strategy of buying space on other carrier planes, and has found this to work just fine. However, the market is changing and new challenges may make this strategy infeasible. History and Overview Airborne Express was founded in 1946. In 1968 the company merged with Airborne Freight Corporation, adopting the latter’s name but maintaining the former management. This new company began as strictly an airfreight forwarder, or a company that arranges for the shipment of freight by buying bulk space on carriers and reselling the space in smaller increments. Airfreight forwarders primarily deal with small customers and provide pick-up and delivery services from the airport. This relatively small and unsophisticated op...

Electronic fingerprint scanning for security at airports Research Paper

Electronic fingerprint scanning for security at airports - Research Paper Example Most of the loopholes that have been identified in the security processes are due to the use of fake identities borne by the criminals or terrorists. The exponential increase in the acts of terrorism has made it vital for organizations to be equipped with accurate and reliable modes of authentication. The identity cards cannot be afforded to be trusted anymore due to their vulnerability of being forged. Therefore, another alternate method is being widely accepted in organizations, government agencies and public premises- biometric authentication systems. Biometric authentication systems identify the individual on the basis of his unique biometric features. Biometric features include fingerprint scans, retinal image, palm prints, face gestures etc. Biometric authentication bears accurate identification of the individual since biometric features are unique in every individual and they cannot be as easily forged as other paper based authentication modes. Jain, Hong and Pankanti (2000) d iscussed a study of Jain, Bolle and Pankanti (1999); their research included a comparison of biometrics on the basis of different factors that play a part in the success of the authentication mechanism. The comparisons are given in the following table; Table 1: Comparison between different biometrics (Jain, Bolle and Pankanti (1999) in Jain, Hong and Pankanti (2000)) It can be seen from Table 1 that fingerprint scans do not give low performance in any factor, unlike all the other biometrics. The aspect of uniqueness is high in fingerprint scans therefore it provides accurate identification of individuals. Fingerprint scans can be easily extracted from fingerprint scanners and readers; it is due to this convenience and accessibility that they have been widely accepted around the world. The introduction of fingerprint scanning at public places can prove to identify the individuals who may be a threat to other people in the society. Airports are sensitive places where many incidents of terrorism have been witnessed in the past history; such incidents include hijacking of planes and making individuals hostages. The current authentication mechanism at airports relies on passports that can be easily forged; therefore the integration of fingerprint authentication mechanism in the boarding process of passengers will ensure that individuals with criminal records are not allowed to board on the plane. 2. Literature Review Much research has been done regarding the usage of biometric authentication systems for homeland security. Before the discussion of the approaches that have been adapted by different nations and organizations, it is vital to understand the attributes and processes of the respective systems. Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (2006) stated that the basis of an authentication process of any system resides on the following factors; Something that is known by the user, for example, PIN, password etc. Something that is owned by the user, for example, smart card, token ID etc. Something is inherently possessed by the individual, for example, fingerprints, face gestures, palm prints etc. The last factor is known to provide the highest level of security among all the other three factors since inherence based factors are unique in all individuals and cannot be stolen as easily as the other factors. The biometric recognition systems are used to perform two basic operations; identification and verification. The process of identification refers to

Analysis Interpretation of Antigone by Sophocles Essay

Analysis Interpretation of Antigone by Sophocles - Essay Example In spite of this threat, Antigone is caught when she tries to bury her brother. Creon leaves Antigone to starve in a cave. And when her fianc, Haemon comes to save her, she has already hanged herself. Haemnon dies and his mother and Creon's wife, also kills herself in grief. The play Antigone is based on conflict between two laws, and forces the audience to decide whose law is greater: God's or man's Thesis Facing the characters with moral choice, Sophocles depicts that God's laws are more important for people because they reflect eternal truth and morality while man's laws are based on power and authority of the ruler only. At the beginning of the drama, Antigone breaks the law of her uncle, Creon, and decides to bury her dead brother against his orders. Sophocles portrays that characters of the play follow God's laws as a source of morality and traditions, norms and social values. In spite of the fact that every epoch creates its own values and moral rules changing our understanding about a self and life, there are some universal laws which cannot be broken. For instance, Antigone follows God's laws as the only authority of truth and moral obligations. This funeral rite had been followed for centuries and Antigone could not break this tradition.